When you hear the word "witch," you might think of broomsticks, crooked noses, black cats, and often, women. Historically, early witches were knowledgeable women specializing in healing and spellwork, known as "wise women" in their communities, whose guidance was highly valued.

By the 1400s, the image of witches had shifted to feared, powerful women associated with the Christian devil. They were hunted, tortured, and coerced into confessions of heinous acts, often targeting women living on the fringes of society or those whose lives were unconventional. Single women and widows were particularly vulnerable.

It is estimated that around 3 million women were executed under accusations of witchcraft. In this class, we will explore the hysteria surrounding witchcraft, delve into the stories of these women, and examine how mass hysteria and fear have been used to oppress individuals and cultures.